Green chilies are the pungent, fiery fruit from plants of the Capsicum genus, commonly used as a spice and vegetable to add intense heat and a fresh, bright flavor to a wide variety of global cuisines, particularly in Indian, Mexican, and Thai cooking. They are technically a berry and are typically harvested when unripe, giving them their characteristic green color and a unique flavor profile.
Key Features:
- Pungency/Heat: The spiciness comes from a compound called Capsaicin, which is concentrated in the seeds and the white membrane (pith). The heat level is measured on the Scoville Heat Scale (SHU) and varies dramatically by variety, ranging from mild (like some Anaheim peppers) to extremely hot (like certain Thai or Bird’s Eye chilies).
- Flavor Profile: They impart a distinct fresh, bright, and pungent flavor, which can become smoky and earthy when roasted. They are used to enhance the flavor of a dish beyond just adding heat.
- Culinary Versatility: They are used in numerous forms: fresh (sliced, chopped, or whole) for salsas, curries, and stir-fries; roasted for sauces and stews; dried and ground for chili powder; and pickled as a condiment.
- Nutritional Value: They are a low-calorie food and a powerhouse of nutrients. They are exceptionally rich in Vitamin C (often containing more than citrus fruits) and are also a good source of Vitamin A and antioxidants.
- Health Benefits: Capsaicin has been linked to boosting metabolism, aiding in weight loss, and having pain-relieving properties, while the high Vitamin C content helps in boosting the immune system
